同儕程式碼審查：比較從 PR 前審查到 AI 優先審查的 5 種做法（2026）

Five code review approaches, and how to choose by team setup and risk.

Peer review hasn't gone away. The PR is an interface, and review is a function that now happens before, during and after it.

Trust is the reason to get it right: 24.0% of developers said they trust their peers' PRs less because they don't know how much of the code AI wrote, in Qodo's State of AI Code Quality 2026 survey.

For the full map of review types, from Fagan inspections to independent AI review, and how they changed over time, see the types of code review in my code review guide. Here I focus on running peer review well, across five approaches:

Review before the PR (local or agent self-review)
Async review on the PR
Over-the-shoulder review
Pair review
AI-first review with human sign-off

What Is Peer Code Review?

Peer code review is a review of a code change by another engineer on the same team, before the change merges. The reviewer checks correctness, design and fit with the codebase, and shares knowledge along the way.

Peer review is a kind of manual code review, but not all manual code review is peer review. An outside security audit is manual, and it isn't done by a peer.

Why Peer Review Still Matters When Agents Write the Code

Peer review spreads knowledge, keeps design ownership with the team, and makes someone accountable for every change. Agents make those needs harder to meet.

The strain shows up in surveys, with 31.7% of engineering leaders saying they keep quality up through exhaustive manual work and 19.0% of developers reporting larger PRs and review fatigue in the same Qodo survey. Censuswide ran the survey in August 2026 with 500 US developers and 300 US leaders; answers are self-reported.

Who reviews also matters. Most reviews were done by someone familiar with the code, and senior coders got senior reviewers far more often than junior coders did, according to the Harvard and Jellyfish working paper by Chen and Stratton (November 1, 2026 version). The paper is observational and not yet peer-reviewed.

5 Peer Code Review Approaches Compared

The pillar guide maps the types of review. Here I cover when each approach suits a team, how to run it well, and what it costs.

1. Review Before the PR

The author, or the coding agent, reviews the change before opening a PR. The agent checks its own diff against team standards, fixes what it finds, and only then opens the PR. The step takes a few minutes and gives you a cleaner PR.

Developers who start here tend to stay: developers who started with local review were about twice as likely to still use it two weeks later, according to Qodo early-usage data cited in a Qodo webinar in September 2026.

Qodo explains shift left code review as a practice.

Qodo's glossary covers pre-PR and local code review.

2. Async Review on the PR

Async review on a pull request, sometimes called tool-assisted code review, is the default for most teams. Run it with small PRs, a clear description and one or two named reviewers. Stacked PRs help: GitHub made them generally available in October 2026, and rebasing a stack now keeps approvals on unchanged code, according to GitHub.

3. Over-the-Shoulder Code Review

Over-the-shoulder review is live: the author walks a reviewer through the change, in person or on a call. Use it for tricky changes and anything that would take ten async comments. Write the decisions into the PR afterwards, because a live chat leaves no record.

4. Pair Review

In pair review, two engineers write and review the code together. Use it for high-risk changes and onboarding. The cost is two people on one change, which pays off when risk or the knowledge gap is large.

5. AI-First Review With Human Sign-Off

An independent AI reviewer goes first, and a human makes the final call. Auto-approved low-risk diffs had one-third the revert rate of other diffs in Meta's risk-gated system, as described in its RADAR paper. The study is observational, Meta-only, and low-risk diffs were selected by design.

Teams should decide on purpose whether an AI approval can stand in for a person. Copilot approvals count toward required approvals once admins enable them, while a GitLab Duo approval doesn't count.

A second agent from the same stack isn't independent just because someone calls it a reviewer. Whatever the policy, a human owns the final approval on anything that isn't low-risk.

The Peer Review Process, Step by Step

The full PR flow, with a worked example, is in the pillar's section on peer code review on pull requests. Here is the reviewer's side:

Read the description and ticket first. If the intent isn't clear, ask before reading code.
Start with the riskiest file, usually the one touching data, auth or a public API.
Spend up to an hour per sitting. Longer than that, ask the author to split the PR.
Switch to a call after two rounds of back-and-forth on the same point.
Approve with a summary of what you checked and what you didn't.

How to Write Good Code Review Comments

Good code review comments say what kind of comment they are. Label each one, and the author knows what to do with it:

Question: "What happens if user is null here?"
Suggestion: "A map lookup would read more clearly than this switch."
Nit: "Typo in the log message."
Blocking: "The new endpoint has no authorization check. Needs a fix before merge."

Code review etiquette is mostly tone. Comment on the code, not the person; explain why as well as what; and praise good decisions as often as you flag problems.

Which Approach Suits Your Team Setup and Risk

Approach	Works best when	Risk level	Speed	Knowledge sharing	Cost
Before the PR	Any team	Any	Quick	Low	Low
Async on the PR	Default for most teams	Low to medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Over the shoulder	Reviewer and author can meet live	Medium to high	Quick for one change	High	Medium
Pair review	Risk or the knowledge gap is high	High	Slow	Very high	High
AI-first with human sign-off	PR volume outgrows reviewers	Low to medium	Quick	Low	Low

Regulated teams may still need formal inspection, which the pillar covers under formal inspection.

Match effort to blast radius. Estimating how far a change reaches is one of the most useful jobs AI does for review.

The Human Reviewer's New Role

Senior engineers are a human API with no autoscaling. Cache their repeated judgments in a system so they only get the novel calls. Qodo's glossary covers reviewer fatigue and how it builds up.

Peer review is moving earlier, to the design and the spec handed to the agent, while automation takes the toil out of code review.

The pain I see most is senior reviewers buried in AI-written PRs, repeating the same comments. Qodo Review covers approaches 1 and 5. Coding agents run the same engine as Qodo Review before a PR exists, through the Qodo Agentic Toolbox, and Qodo then reviews the PR itself, with advisory findings for the human reviewer.

The Qodo Agentic Toolbox works through the qodo review CLI, MCP, and plugins for Claude Code, Codex and Kiro, with Codebase Wisdom giving agents the codebase context and Git history.

Qodo learns from what the team fixes and skips. On GitHub, GitLab and Azure DevOps, Rule Miner can turn accepted comments into rules over time, and Qodo deactivates rules whose findings are rarely fixed.

Auto mode gives risky PRs a deep review and routine ones a fast pass, so humans get fewer, sharper calls. Findings are advisory, and a human still decides.

Qodo's post introducing the Qodo Agentic Toolbox covers the local side.

Choose Qodo if your peers spend review time on repeats instead of design, across GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket, Azure DevOps or Gerrit.

Enterprise teams get one review layer across Git providers, with one list of team standards on GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket Cloud and Azure DevOps, and high-velocity teams merge sooner because fewer PRs come back for a second round.

Tools made for agentic code review are the category to compare.

Qodo isn't focused on test generation, even though some authors still point to it as a key strength. In my experience, Qodo is best at AI code review and code governance for taking the repeat checks off peer reviewers, both before the PR and on it.

My Experience Moving Review Before the PR

When teams move the first review pass before the PR, the change I notice first is in the comments, not the speed. Human reviewers stop writing reminders about naming and error handling and start asking about design. PRs arrive smaller and cleaner, because the agent has already fixed the obvious issues.

Peer vs Manual vs Automated Code Review

Peer review is teammates reading a change. Manual review is any review by a person, including outside audits. Automated review covers linters, static analysis, SAST and AI reviewers. For how automated checks compare with human judgment, see my guide to static code analysis vs code review.

Peer Review for Distributed and Async Teams

Distributed teams review async by default. Write PR descriptions for a reader who's asleep when you open the PR, and agree on a pickup target, such as one working day.

High-velocity teams get the most from review before the PR, because every round trip across time zones costs a day. Qodo's academy has a guide to rolling out AI code review in the enterprise for teams spread across regions.

Peer Code Review Checklist

[ ] The PR description explains intent and links the ticket.
[ ] The change is small enough to review in one sitting.
[ ] Edge cases and error paths are handled.
[ ] New endpoints and data access check authorization.
[ ] Tests cover the new behavior.
[ ] Names and structure match the codebase.
[ ] The change follows the team's written standards.
[ ] Callers in other services or repositories still work.
[ ] Comments are labelled: question, suggestion, nit or blocking.
[ ] The approval summary says what was and wasn't checked.

Four code review techniques help most: author context up front, small or stacked PRs, labelled comments, and reviewer rotation.

Summary

Peer code review now runs in five approaches: before the PR, async on the PR, over the shoulder, in pairs, and AI-first with a human sign-off. Pick by team setup and blast radius. Let an independent AI reviewer absorb the repeat checks, and spend human review on design, intent and risk.

FAQ

How many reviewers should a pull request have?

One reviewer suits most low-risk changes, and two suit high-risk ones. Add a code owner for shared or sensitive areas.

How long should a peer code review take?

Under an hour. If a PR needs longer, ask the author to split it.

Peer code review vs pair programming: what's the difference?

Peer review happens after the code is written, usually async on a PR. Pair programming reviews the code while it's written, with two people at one machine.

Is peer code review still necessary with AI reviewers, and should an AI approval count toward required approvals?

Yes, peer review is still necessary for design, intent and accountability. Whether an AI approval counts is a policy choice: Copilot approvals can count once admins enable them, and GitLab Duo approvals don't count.

How do you review AI-generated PRs from teammates?

Read the ticket and the agent's plan first, then start with the riskiest file. Let an independent AI reviewer handle the repeat checks before you open the PR, so your comments go to design and intent. Qodo runs that first pass through the Qodo Agentic Toolbox and again on the PR.